Lhe development of electric car sales in France and in Europe is following very rapid growth. In 2021, more than 160,000 electric vehicles were registered, representing nearly 10% of all sales. This represents an increase of nearly 200% over the previous year.
The public policy objectives for the growth of electric mobility are very ambitious: the multiannual energy program (PPE) provides 3 million electric vehicles and 1.8 million plug-in hybrid vehicles in circulation by 2028.
In order to support the development of electromobility, the State and local authorities offer aid for the purchase of electric vehicles, as well as for the installation of charging stations. Moreover, their growth is likely to lead to an erosion of tax resources since taxes represent approximately 60% of the price of fuel at the pump, making the domestic consumption tax on energy products (TICPE) the fourth source of revenue for the state. Until now, there was no quantification of the cost for the community of public support for electromobility.
A shortfall of 9 to 12 billion euros
A recent study by the firm 6t for the National Federation of Transport User Associations (FNAUT) fills this gap.
First observation, over the period 2013-2020, the total amount of aid for the purchase of an electric vehicle is estimated at 1.7 billion euros. In 2020, the amount of aid paid is estimated at 700 million euros, compared to 250 million euros in 2019. Most of the amount of aid for electric vehicles is carried by two schemes: the ecological bonus (601 million euros in 2020) and the retraining bonus (74 million euros in 2020).
To these amounts should be added public support for the installation of charging stations. Excluding the future program, financed by private actors, it is estimated that between 268 million and 300 million euros of public funds will be allocated to support the installation of terminals over the period 2014-2023. Most of these sums consist of the national investment programs – future investment programs (PIA) and France Relance –, as well as the energy transition tax credit (CITE), which has become MaPrimeRenov since 2021. ‘.
Finally, it is important to take into account the tax impact. Two effects are to be distinguished here.
A first effect is due to the lighter taxation of electricity compared to gasoline per unit of energy.
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