China has decided to remove the limit of two children per couple and allow families to have up to three children, in response to its aging population. The move comes a few weeks after the publication of the results of the last decennial census, which revealed a sharp drop in the birth rate in the most populous country in the world.
“In response to the aging of the population (…), a couple is allowed to have three children ”, the official China New News Agency reported on Monday (May 31st), citing the conclusions of a meeting of the Communist Party’s political bureau headed by President Xi Jinping.
At the beginning of May, the results of the census carried out in 2020 revealed a faster aging than expected of the Chinese population. Last year, marked by the Covid-19 epidemic, the number of births fell to twelve million, against 14.65 million in 2019. That year, the birth rate (10.48 per 1,000) was already at its lowest since the founding of Communist China in 1949.
Raising the retirement age
In 2016, after more than three decades of “One-child policy”, China had relaxed its rules, allowing all Chinese to have a second child. But without succeeding in restarting the birth rate.
There are many reasons for the drop in the birth rate: a drop in the number of marriages, an increase in the cost of housing and education, and later fertility for women who place greater emphasis on their career.
At the other end of the age pyramid, China had more than 264 million people aged 60 and over last year, four times the total population of France. This age group now constitutes 18.7% of the total, an increase of 5.44 percentage points compared to the 2010 census. Conversely, the working-age population (15 to 59 years) does not represent more than 63.35% of the total, down 6.79 points over ten years.
In March, parliament passed a plan to gradually raise the retirement age over the next five years, much to the chagrin of much of the public.