Cybersecurity alert: self-managed VPNs, prime targets for ransomware attacks!

With the rapidly evolving digital ecosystem, cybersecurity has become a major concern for businesses of all sizes. Cybercriminals have invaded the Internet, exploiting vulnerabilities in security systems and threatening the confidentiality of sensitive data. Among the many security solutions available, self-managed VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) have gained popularity, giving organizations greater control over their network infrastructure. However, with this autonomy comes significant risks. Indeed, an alarming trend is emerging: self-managed VPNs are increasingly targeted by cyberattacks, particularly the dreaded ransomware.

This situation raises important questions: why are these systems so vulnerable? What concrete risks do they pose for companies? And above all, how can we effectively strengthen their security?

**The best VPNs of the moment**

Self-managed VPNs are a popular network security solution for many businesses. These systems create an encrypted tunnel over the internet, allowing employees to securely access corporate resources from anywhere. Unlike third-party managed VPNs, the company deploys and manages the infrastructure itself. This is typically done through dedicated servers or specialized appliances.

Benefits for businesses

Using a self-managed VPN has clear benefits for businesses.

● First, control: the company has complete control over its network configuration, encryption protocols and access policies.
● Then, flexibility: the system can be adapted precisely to the specific needs of the organization.
● Finally, the cost: after the initial investment, recurring costs are often lower than those of outsourced solutions. This allows for substantial savings in the long term and a better allocation of financial resources.

However, these benefits come with significant security risks. Managing a VPN requires deep technical expertise and constant vigilance. Without the right resources and skills, businesses can unintentionally expose their network to vulnerabilities that can be exploited by cybercriminals.

The growing threat of ransomware

Ransomware is one of the most serious cybercrime threats today. This malware works by encrypting the victim’s data, making files and systems inaccessible. Hackers then demand a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key. Some more aggressive variants also threaten to publish the stolen data if the ransom is not paid, adding another layer of blackmail to the extortion.

Recent Ransomware Attack Statistics

Recent statistics are alarming. According to a study by Cybersecurity Ventures, an organization will be hit by a ransomware attack every 11 seconds in 2023, up from 40 seconds in 2016. The global cost of ransomware damage is expected to reach $30 billion in 2023. That’s a staggering increase from the $325 million estimated in 2015.

Ransomware is increasingly targeting sensitive and strategic business data. A study by Coveware indicates that 70% of ransomware attacks in 2023 involved a threat of data leakage. This evolution makes simple restoration from backups insufficient to mitigate all risks.

Why are self-managed VPNs prime targets?

Self-managed VPNs have become prime targets for cybercriminals for several reasons.

First, these systems often have vulnerabilities due to a lack of regular updates or misconfigurations. Often overworked internal IT teams may neglect to apply security patches promptly, leaving exploitable flaws.

Second, self-managed VPNs provide an ideal entry point into the corporate network. Their strategic position as a network entry point makes them prime targets for cybercriminals. It allows them to compromise an organization’s entire infrastructure. Once compromised, this gateway allows them to access all internal resources.

Techniques used by cybercriminals

Cybercriminals employ a variety of sophisticated techniques to compromise self-managed VPNs.

● Exploitation of zero-day vulnerabilities remains a major threat, allowing attackers to infiltrate through unknown flaws before patches are available.
● Brute force attacks, often using botnets to massively test password combinations, target systems with weak authentication.
● Social engineering, such as targeted phishing, tricks users into giving up their credentials.
● Configuration errors are also exploited, with hackers scanning the web for incorrectly defined settings or unnecessarily open ports.
● Man-in-the-Middle attacks intercept traffic between the VPN client and server, particularly effective against outdated protocols.
● Finally, exploiting vulnerabilities in old or poorly implemented VPN protocols provides entry points for cybercriminals.

These techniques are often combined into complex multi-vector attacks, challenging the defenses of self-managed VPNs.

The consequences of a ransomware attack on a self-managed VPN

The impact on businesses is significant and multifaceted. Beyond the immediate loss of access to data and systems, which often paralyzes operations, the long-term consequences are just as serious. Direct costs include not only the potential ransom, but also the often underestimated cost of restoring systems. An IBM study reveals that the average cost of a ransomware attack for a company is $4.54 million in 2023.

The collateral damage is just as significant:

● Loss of customer data can lead to legal action and regulatory fines, particularly under GDPR in Europe.
● The company’s reputation may be severely damaged, leading to a loss of trust from customers and partners.
● Additionally, prolonged business interruptions may lead to loss of market share to competitors.

With the growing threat of cyberattacks targeting self-managed VPNs, businesses need to take a proactive, multi-pronged approach to security. Here are some steps you can take to protect yourself from ransomware:

1- Make regular updates

It is important to consistently and quickly apply security patches. Establish a vulnerability monitoring process and an emergency update protocol for critical vulnerabilities. Automate this process if possible to reduce application times.

2- Strengthen strong authentication

Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all VPN access. Use robust methods like hardware tokens or authenticator apps, rather than SMS which is more vulnerable. Consider adopting contextual authentication, which takes into account factors like location or device used.

3- Establish continuous monitoring

Deploy real-time threat detection tools. Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) specifically configured for your VPN environment. Implement behavioral analysis to detect anomalous activity.

4- Train employees

Conduct regular awareness sessions on cybersecurity best practices. Include phishing attack simulations and hands-on exercises. Ensure staff understand the importance of VPN security and the risks associated with its use.

5- Set up secure backups

Maintain regular, encrypted backups isolated from the main network. Regularly test the recovery process to ensure its effectiveness in the event of an incident.

6- Segment the network

Implement strict network segmentation to limit spread in the event of a compromise. Use internal firewalls and granular access control policies.

7- Audit and penetration tests

Conduct regular security audits and penetration tests to identify vulnerabilities before hackers do. Specifically include VPN in the scope of these tests.

These measures, integrated into an overall security strategy, significantly strengthen the protection of self-managed VPNs. Their consistent implementation is crucial to address constantly evolving cyber threats.

Alternatives to Self-Managed VPNs

Faced with growing risks, many companies are considering more secure alternatives:

● Third-party managed VPNs: These solutions offer dedicated expertise and constant updates.

● SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network): This technology offers more flexible and secure network management.

● ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access): This approach continuously verifies user identity and authorizations, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

These alternatives can offer a higher level of security, although their adoption requires a careful assessment of the specific needs of the business.

Self-managed VPNs, while attractive for their flexibility and control, pose significant risks in the face of the growing threat of ransomware. Businesses need to recognize their vulnerability and take a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Whether that means strengthening existing VPNs or exploring safer alternatives, the important thing is to act now. In a world where cyber threats are constantly evolving, the security of your network should never be taken lightly. Reevaluate your security strategy today to effectively protect your business from ransomware attacks and other cyber threats.