DNumerous reforms have been undertaken in the labor market in recent years. Several aim to increase the employment rate, which is relatively low in France compared to other countries. Such an increase can be a source of raising the average standard of living and of tax and social revenues which will allow the financing of the climate transition, public debt reduction and other structural reforms, for example in education or health.
These reforms aim to increase the employment rate of seniors for retirement, of young people for apprenticeship, of the low-skilled for RSA, and of all people of working age for that. of France Travail. Furthermore, the scaling of severance pay without real and serious cause helps to remove uncertainties, sources of obstacles to hiring, in particular for SMEs.
A great coherence of objectives therefore characterizes this series of reforms, some of which have already contributed to the dynamism of employment in France in recent years. These reforms may be adjusted according to the insights provided by their evaluations. Some also require further clarification. For example, the long-term governance of France Travail remains quite vague. Other adjustments appear desirable, for example bringing the deadlines for contesting a dismissal, which are particularly long in France, closer to those observed in other advanced countries, or bringing unemployment compensation for seniors into line with the reform. retirements.
Technocratic approach
A reform of another nature was carried out by the labor ordinances of September 2017 and the Pénicaud law of March 2018. They aim to expand the space of conventional law resulting from sectoral and company collective bargaining to the detriment of the law regulatory work, by nature homogeneous across the entire economic and social fabric. Conventional law makes it possible to adapt standards to each context, to each objective, which allows a better conciliation than regulatory law between economic efficiency, guaranteed by the signing of the collective agreement by the company manager, and protection of workers, guaranteed by the signature of the representatives of the workers legitimized by the professional elections. Through this reform of the hierarchy of norms, the autonomy of the conventional fabric has become effective within the limits of what concerns public order.
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