The Ile-de-France region, which welcomes some 50,000 new inhabitants per year, has significantly increased its production of new housing in 10 years despite a halt since 2020, but these housing units have lost 9 m2 of average surface area, according to a study released Wednesday.
After a period of sluggishness between 2000 and 2010, the construction of new housing has increased by half in Ile-de-France between 2011 and 2020, rising from 420,000 to 660,000 housing starts, according to the Paris Region Institute (IPR), the Ile-de-France urban planning agency. Driven by the legislative objective of producing 70,000 housing units per year, these housing starts peaked in 2017 before falling to 60,000 at the end of 2022.
The last decade has been characterized by a decline in house building (-9%) and an explosion in apartments (+78%). The number of residences for students and the elderly has also been multiplied by 2.5.
Erosion of real estate purchasing power
Significant fact, constant housing structure, the average surface area of new housing has lost 9 m2 under the effect in particular of the erosion of the real estate purchasing power of households.
The increase in construction is particularly marked (+79% of housing starts) in the inner suburbs around Paris (Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne). Seine-Saint-Denis tops the building departments.
In the outer suburbs (Yvelines, Val d’Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Essonne), construction is driven by the need to redevelop neighborhoods that emerged from the ground in the 1960s and 1970s and by major projects (Saclay, etc. ).
On the positive side, land consumption has decreased. Some 765 hectares per year are thus mobilized to produce new housing today, compared to 1075 between 2001 and 2005. This is mainly due to a majority of urban renewal operations and changes in land use towards housing.
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Social housing objectives not met
Regarding social housing, production reached 20,700 between 2011 and 2020, against a target of 32,000 set under the Solidarity and Urban Renewal law (SRU), while the region concentrates 10% of the French population who are homeless.
Among the reasons for this failure, the growing dependence of social production on the private sector, with a minority social offer within the programmes. The new offer is also more expensive than the existing social housing.
Another trend linked this time to the development of teleworking, the capture of housing by new uses (secondary residences, seasonal rentals, pied–terre) which slows down the increase in the occupied stock.
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