LTransport is faced with a stack of crucial issues: decarbonization, adaptation to climate change, improvement of air quality, preservation of biodiversity, etc. All with requirements for improving the quality of service and equity. access.
Since transport constitutes the leading sector emitting greenhouse gases (30% of national emissions) – and the only one whose emissions have not decreased since 1990 –, the leading energy consuming sector, as well as the second source of land artificialization, profound change in the sector is necessary to succeed in the ecological transition. Our collective security is also at stake, the achievement of their decarbonization objectives making it possible to avoid the importation of tens of billions of euros of petroleum products by 2030.
While a new transport minister is announced, the question of governance of this transformation arises now. It refers to three series of articulations, in which the minister will have to evolve: between ecological planning, public action and economic regulation; between European, national, regional and local levels; between public and private.
Constrain or encourage?
The general framework is now set by the European Green Deal and “French-style” ecological planning, the first plan of which was adopted in September 2023. The result of essentially technical (and fairly vertical) work, it defines a trajectory, identifies around fifty action levers, estimates the associated costs (more than 60 billion additional euros per year), proposes a distribution of their financing and is accompanied by indicators to monitor the results.
Within this plan, transport has a central place. They are the main contributors to the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 (– 28%). To achieve this objective, the plan gives priority to the electrification of road mobility (with a target of 15% of the fleet of individual electric vehicles in 2030), to the modal shift towards rail transport, through the regeneration of the network and metropolitan RER, and moderation of demand.
But this plan is just a starting point. How, in concrete terms, can we implement the directions it defines? What measures should be taken to constrain or encourage the most virtuous uses, such as public transport or light vehicles? How to size the network of electric charging stations for long journeys? How can we reconcile the development of rail freight and work on the network on a daily basis? How to finance these measures or projects? How to ensure acceptability?
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