The rating agencies Moody’s and Fitch delivered their respective spring verdicts on French sovereign debt on Friday, April 26 evening: both maintain this rating unchanged.
Moody’s maintained the Aa2 level with a stable outlook, judging the risk of default to be very low despite the recent deterioration of the country’s public finances. For its part, Fitch, which downgraded the rating last year, left it at the AA– level, with a stable outlook as well.
The French Minister of Economy and Finance, Bruno Le Maire, said he “took note” of the verdicts of the two agencies. “This decision should invite us to redouble our determination to restore our public finances and meet the objective set by the President of the Republic: to be below 3%. [de PIB] deficit in 2027 »he said in a press release. “We will stick to our strategy based on growth and full employment, structural reforms and the reduction of public spending”assures the minister.
These verdicts constitute a relief for Mr. Le Maire because the rating of the agencies comes after a succession of disappointments in Bercy’s forecasts. In February, the government had to lower expected growth this year from 1.4% to 1%, and announce that it had to urgently find 10 billion in savings on the state budget. At the end of March, it was the National Institute of Statistics (Insee) which announced that the public deficit had slipped to 5.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023, instead of the expected 4.9%. Finally, the public deficit for 2024, forecast at 4.4%, was raised to 5.1% of GDP by Bercy, which promised a new effort of 10 billion euros until the end of the year.
These differences in macroeconomic forecasts come, according to La Banque Postale economists, from “revenue 21 billion euros lower than expected” in 2023, more than expenditure which, for its part, “ have been mastered,” and increase by 3.7% compared to 4% in 2022.
Rating agencies are also concerned about the amount of debt, which exceeds 3,000 billion euros and has now reached 110.6% of French GDP. “French debt is 22 points of GDP above the euro zone average”observe the economists in their latest decryption note “Rebound”: “This is the third highest ratio in the European Union, after Greece and Italy. »
Objectives deemed “out of reach”
In April 2023, Fitch downgraded France’s sovereign rating, lowering it by one notch to AA–, with prospects ” stable “. This month, while judging “unambitious and increasingly out of reach” the deficit reduction objectives put forward by the government by 2027, the agency had indicated that it would not lower the rating again, unless “unlikely” further significant worsening of the debt.
As for Moody’s, which places France at Aa2 − a notch above Fitch − with perspective ” stable “she also judges “unlikely”, like the IMF or the High Council of Public Finances (HCFP), the hypothesis of a recovery in the public deficit below 3% of GDP in 2027, announced by the government to comply with Brussels obligations. She had already highlighted at the end of March ” the risks “ linked to “optimistic economic and revenue assumptions, as well as unprecedented reductions in spending”.
France lost its triple A in 2012, marking the safest sovereign debts, like that of Germany currently. But, despite their recurring criticisms, the agencies have demonstrated a certain “magnanimity” towards France in recent years, keeping it among the best in the world, due to the “liquidity” of its debt or the solidity of French banks, notes Eric Dor, director of economic studies at the IESEG School of management.
Bruno Le Maire wants to stay “serene” in the storm: “The agencies are doing their job, I am doing my job as Minister of Finance which consists of restoring the public accounts”he said again, Wednesday, on BFM Business. The minister will still have to face the verdict of the third agency, and the most watched, on May 31, nine days before the European elections. S&P currently rates France AA, but its outlook is negative.