Ten lessons from history’s return

The year 2022 will go down in history as a turning point. The return of war to Europe, which many considered impossible, has shattered illusions and shattered certainties. The West would do well to reckon with the unpredictable from now on.

Artillery shell impact with spectators. – Public bus in Bakhmut, June 2022.

Gleb Garanich / Reuters

Hardly anyone will miss 2022. The year was marked by an intractable pandemic, the progression of climate change, runaway inflation, slowing economic growth and, above all, the outbreak of a costly war in Europe and concerns that violent conflicts could soon erupt in Asia. Some of this was to be expected, but much was not. And it all suggests lessons it would be dangerous to ignore.

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