[Accidents dans le cadre privé, hypersensibilité, « flemme »… Les poncifs sont nombreux pour justifier l’absentéisme des conducteurs de bus. Damien Cartron est ingénieur de recherche au CNRS-Centre Maurice Halbwachs et codirecteur du parcours de master Quantifier en sciences sociales. Ses travaux s’articulent autour de deux axes : les effets des formes d’organisation du travail sur l’intensité de celui-ci et sur les conditions de travail des salariés, et comment la perception du dérèglement climatique par les chercheurs modifie leurs activités et comportements. Philippe Askenazy – par ailleurs chroniqueur du Monde – est directeur de recherche au CNRS-Centre Maurice Halbwachs et professeur attaché au département d’économie de l’ENS. Ses travaux portent sur les mutations du travail tant du point de vue technologique qu’institutionnel, et leurs conséquences en termes de performances économiques, environnementales et sociales, notamment sur la santé et la sécurité au travail, en interaction avec l’affirmation d’un capitalisme de rentes. Dans cette contribution, les chercheurs analysent les conditions de travail réelles des chauffeurs.]
Since the start of the 2022 school year, the lack of bus drivers has become the media and political illustration of the recruitment difficulties of a sector which often offers job stability and salaries which are certainly limited but much more attractive than the hotel industry. -catering for example.
The main professional organization, the Union of Public and Rail Transport, in the latest edition of the mobility observatory, sees two causes: massive retirements and post-pandemic absenteeism. These would therefore be cyclical, external factors or a lack of anticipation. Hence patchy solutions, such as the possibility open to civil servants to combine their functions with a job as a school bus driver, or vast advertising campaigns for the profession by urban transport players.
In fact, the rise in driver absenteeism appeared well before the health crisis (see Philippe Askenazy and Damien Cartron, 2020, on which this short contribution is based), part of a global dynamic: all sectors combined, between the first quarter of 2010 and the fourth quarter of 2019, the volume of daily sickness benefits per employee (of the general system, excluding maternity ) increased by 12%, and even by 16% for ATMP compensation (work accidents and occupational diseases). If subsequent statistics have been clouded by the pandemic and the fluctuation in sick leave coverage, this trend does not seem to be declining. Moreover, according to The echoes from May 12, 2023, “daily allowances are one of the avenues identified by the Ministry of the Budget to reduce public spending”.
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