[Pourquoi le nombre de jeunes sans emploi non qualifiés plafonne-t-il en France ? Bernard Gazier est professeur émérite de sciences économiques à l’université Paris-I et a développé l’essentiel de ses recherches en économie du travail. Il a notamment étudié l’organisation des carrières et des transitions professionnelles et personnelles tout au long de la vie, et travaillé sur les reconversions professionnelles, le dialogue social territorial, la diversité des formes d’emploi et les transitions entre l’école et la vie active. Il a récemment publié en 2023, avec Günther Schmid, Lutz Bellmann et Janine Leschke, « Governing Sustainable School to Work Transitions : Lessons for the EU ». Dans ce texte, il se penche sur les difficultés persistantes de la réinsertion de ces publics.]
Youth guarantee, “1 young person, 1 solution” plan, skills investment plan… Long is the list of often massive and costly initiatives recently taken in France by the public authorities in favor of unskilled jobless young people. What remains striking, however, is the persistence of a high number of young people “neither in employment, nor in studies, nor in training” or even “Not in Education, Employment or Training” (NEET) according to the English acronym .
Indeed, the latest figures available from Eurostat [l’office européen des statistiques] and which relate to 2021 show that the proportion of NEETs among young people aged 15 to 29 in our country remains close to the European average: 12.8%, compared to 13.1% for Europe at 27 and 13 % for the euro zone. Other countries do much better than ours: 9.2% for Germany, 8.3 for Denmark – and outside the European Union, between 7.7% and 6.2% in Switzerland (Schmid et al., 2023). Among the major European countries, only Spain and Italy clearly do less well than France.
Changes since 2014 show little improvement: the share of NEETs among 15-29 year olds in France fluctuates between 13.4% and 12.4%, while the average for the European Union (EU) at twenty-seven fell from 16.1% in 2014 to 13.1% in 2021.
Additional observation: NEETs are mostly young women. For 2021, the NEET rate in the Europe of 27 is 13.1%, but for women it is 14.5% while for men it is 11.8%.
To understand and deal with this persistent challenge, several steps are necessary.
The first is to recognize the diversity of situations that are grouped under the negative title “ni, ni, ni”.
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