In recent years, studies have multiplied and have established the importance of the intestinal barrier and the responsibility of intestinal permeability in the occurrence of certain pathologies. However, most of this research takes place in the basic sciences and has not necessarily found practical application in patients. In addition, not all general practitioners are aware of the role that intestinal permeability can have in the health of their patients. There is, however, growing interest among researchers in developing treatments that can be administered to patients to treat the effects of intestinal permeability on their health and quality of life.
1. Intestinal permeability: definition
Inside the abdomen, the intestinal mucosa has an absorption surface estimated at more than 32 m². When it fulfills its role well, it constitutes a waterproof barrier which regulates the elements sent into the blood circulation. If the intestinal lining is in poor condition – “leaky gut” – for example if it has cracks or damage, partially digested food, toxins and pathogens can then enter neighboring tissues. This causes inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis, i.e. an imbalance in the microbiota (intestinal flora). The consequences of intestinal permeability can cause complications in the digestive system, but also beyond, on general health. Today, researchers are multiplying studies and have recently demonstrated that changes in intestinal bacteria and inflammation are the triggering factors for several common chronic diseases, including obesity (“Alteration of intestinal permeability: missing link between dysbiosis and inflammation in obesity? » published by theNational Institute of Health and Medical Research).
2. Causes of intestinal permeability (leaky gut)
The intestinal mucosa is not completely waterproof. It allows a certain degree of permeability so that essential nutrients beneficial to the body can enter the bloodstream. However, not all individuals are equal in terms of intestinal permeability. Some people have a genetic predisposition and are more sensitive to changes in their digestive system, which increases the risk of having leaky gut. However, DNA and genetics are not the only causes of intestinal permeability. The contemporary way of life would in reality be the main trigger of intestinal permeability (“Intestinal permeability – a new target for disease prevention and therapy”, published by BMC Gastroenterology). More and more research results indicate that Western diets, often deficient in fiber and too high in sugar and saturated fats, could be the cause of intestinal permeability. Excessive alcohol consumption and stress also appear to play a role in triggering the process.
3. Symptoms of intestinal permeability (leaky gut)
No symptoms accompany intestinal permeability. Doctors usually diagnose it when the symptoms of the illness it caused occur. On the other hand, if intestinal permeability results from damage to the intestinal mucosa, certain symptoms may appear:
- a burning sensation in the intestine;
- pain during digestion;
- diarrhea;
- gas and bloating caused by fermentation due to the proliferation of bacteria in the intestine;
- generalized weakness.
4. How to prevent intestinal permeability (leaky gut)?
The best way to prevent intestinal permeability is to change your diet and eliminate risk factors, including the consumption of alcohol and ultra-processed foods. It may also be worth consulting your doctor to determine if you have any food intolerances, for example to gluten or dairy products: they can cause chronic inflammation which lead to intestinal permeability (“Putting a stop to leaky gut”, published by Harvard Medical School). Exercising regularly also helps strengthen your digestive system. Simply walk 15 to 20 minutes after a meal to facilitate the digestive process and limit inflammation.
Sources
National Institute of Health and Medical Research, BMC Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School
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