Nature and Health – The Psychic Miracle of Houseplants – Knowledge
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Thanks to indoor plants, we are more rested and even less ill. But the research is just beginning.
Built up, concreted and asphalted: While new streets and houses are constantly being built around us, it is not surprising that people have a great need for everything that grows and is green. Many Swiss people bring nature into their homes – monstera, calathea, ivy: people feel better when there are plants around them.
Plants relieve stress
So far, little research has been carried out into the specific influences that houseplants have on psychological well-being. In the last 20 years, however, the social science findings in this field have increased significantly. Basically, the positive effect of nature on human well-being is scientifically well documented. “We can relax well in nature and reduce stress,” says environmental psychologist Nicole Bauer. Even mental illnesses like depression can reduce the experience of nature.
stress, relaxation and well-being
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According to Bauer, stress is usually understood as two biological reactions that are not “bad” in the short term. On the one hand, adrenaline is released through the spinal cord, on the other hand, a slower, hormonally controlled reaction that releases cortisol takes place. Blood pressure rises, breathing becomes faster and attention is sharpened. The latter is important when it comes to recreation in nature. Because if you go for a walk in the forest, for example, exactly the opposite happens to you. The stress response decreases.
Whether it’s a tree or a potted plant: that doesn’t really matter, positive effects are evident anyway, according to Bauer. One Study from the Netherlands clearly showed that employees are better off when there are potted plants in the office space. Employees called in less sick and were happier with their work. Schoolchildren also showed similar positive effects thanks to indoor plants. Surrounded by plants, they could concentrate better. As a result, her academic performance improved.
Questions about color and shape still unresolved
But what is it that makes plants so good for us? Is it the color green that makes us relax? “I’d like to know that too,” says Bauer. “But we don’t yet know to what extent the colors and shapes of the plants play a role,” says Bauer.
Experiencing nature and relaxation: Two famous theories
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Two theories have prevailed as to how nature affects human health:
The psychoevolutionary stress-recovery theory from the 1980s states that people are particularly able to relax in nature because the environment evokes interest, pleasure and serenity. A flower meadow or a river binds our attention and thereby limits negative feelings. The stress level goes down. Well-being is therefore a physical and emotional response to the natural environment.
The attention-recovery theory is different. It is exhausting to focus our attention on a specific task because we have to block out other stimuli to do so. Over time, this ability decreases and we get tired. The theory by the American psychologists Rachel and Stephen Kaplan explains relaxation in nature by saying that a natural environment does not require focused attention. This is especially possible when, for example, we are fascinated by a birch tree or a sunset without making an effort.
The environmental psychologist recommends only getting houseplants that we like. “I hate rubber trees,” says Bauer. If one were in her living room, it would have more negative effects on her mental health. According to Bauer, the positive purely biophysical effects such as more moisture and fewer pollutants in the air would not compensate for the negative feelings. In principle, the filter function of plants would tend to be overestimated quantitatively. “And if you only have one houseplant in the room, you won’t notice much of these effects.”
Nicole Bauer
environmental psychologist
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Nicole Bauer conducts research at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL). The environmental psychologist has specialized in the influences of nature on human health.
Another important point is the care of the houseplant. “If my plant is doing well, it’s my merit, so to speak,” says Bauer. Feelings of contentment and serenity arise from this. That also proves one Study from Taiwan.
Problem: Environmentally conscious and houseplant fanatic
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Anyone who is environmentally conscious and wants to live with as little ecological footprint as possible could get into trouble because of indoor plants. Tropical houseplants often come from far away and are not raised sustainably. When a person has a sustainable self-concept, it can lead to certain contradictions called cognitive dissonance. “This in turn may reduce the positive psychological effects of indoor plants,” suspects Nicole Bauer.
In terms of sustainability, it is also interesting that biodiversity promotes our recovery. The environmental psychologist worked on a study with, which dealt with the factors that promote recreation in urban gardens. The results show, among other things: The higher the number of plant species in the garden, the more relaxing it was rated.