Although there is no official count, around 550 municipalities [sur 34 935 communes recensées au 1er janvier 2024, selon la direction générale des collectivités locales] would have chosen to apply the rental permit to at least part of their territory, compared to just under 400 in 2022. Large cities, like Lille, Marseille or Bordeaux, as well as small ones. A list is kept on the Locservice websitespecialized in private rental.
This system, which came into force at the end of 2016 in application of the law for access to housing and renovated urban planning (ALUR) of 2014, aims to facilitate the fight against substandard housing and slumlords. For landlords, this rental permit materializes in two different ways, depending on the municipality. Either they must provide a rental declaration (DML) to the town hall (Cerfa no 15651), fifteen days maximum after signing a lease. Either they must send the municipality a prior rental authorization (APML) before the accommodation is rented (Cerfa no 15652). The municipality is then free to choose the methods that seem suitable for controlling housing.
Rouen, which has applied the system since 2021, chose the APML. “As part of the processing of files, a systematic verification is carried out for each address via tables listing danger and unsanitary orders, explains Amèle Mansouri, assistant in charge of housing. In 2022, around ten APML requests were refused or closed without action due to an order of this type on housing or buildings. » In 2023, the city received 1,122 requests and issued 109 refusals.
In Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), where the rental permit has been in place since 2018, the town hall now receives around forty permit requests per month. “It’s not magic, but it works. A year, 480 homes are renovated thanks to the permit, even if we still issue fines for landlords in bad faith”, notes Fabien Corbinaud, deputy for town planning and housing. In the event of an infraction, the lessor risks a fine of 5,000 euros, 15,000 euros if he repeats the offense.
Work aid
The effectiveness of the permit depends on the means put in place by the municipality to carry out checks. Thus, in Meaux (Seine-et-Marne), only one person is responsible for processing requests, soon assisted by a second. In Mantes-la-Jolie, three agents are tasked with this subject, while in the city of Lille the management of the permit depends on the hygiene and health service, made up of twenty agents.
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