Por having forgotten that energy has a cost, and that producing it has always been risky, the awakening is brutal today. The theme of energy saving has become topical again, which it should never have ceased to be. To be acceptable, restrictive policies must be fair, intelligible, take diversity into account and appeal to solidarity.
If the carbon tax could not see the light of day – which is regrettable – it is largely because it was unfair and the corrective measures that should have accompanied it were not there. If the public authorities are not careful, the same will apply to the implementation of Crit’Air, which will lead to the exclusion in towns of more than 150,000 inhabitants, low-emission zones, of three-quarters of the current vehicle fleet. Is the measure desirable? Yes.
But as with the carbon tax, the system will not affect all our fellow citizens in the same way. Aid has been provided. This is going in the right direction. But there are those who will be forced to change cars and others who, because they benefit from largely subsidized transport, have already parted with it. Caution. Will it be the same for the application of the new rules concerning housing, and more specifically old housing, that of before 1948?
Special measures for old housing
Some 10 million dwellings, a third of the national stock, which is divided into three thirds: before 1948, from 1948 to 1975 and since 1975, the year of the first measures following the first oil shock. A total of 30 million dwellings whose behavior is not identical depending on construction dates, locations, materials and regulations. It is the energy performance diagnosis (DPE) which regulates the classification of each dwelling in a grid with seven labels, from A to G.
Thermal colanders are placed in the last two, with, as a result, in addition to high consumption, constraints and even penalties that will increase over time. There is no question of contesting its merits or the obligation to display it in the deeds or the possible ban on renting. On the other hand, it is essential to know whether the document which induces the classification is indisputable.
For the old habitat, cataloged for a long time, including in the popular imagery, of thermal sieve, in 2005 and 2011, at the request of the ministry in charge of ecology, the center of technical studies of the equipment (CETE ) of Strasbourg carried out a study: the Batan project, summary of old buildings. This notes that the consumption of the dwellings examined is around 200 kilowatts (kW) per square meter and per year, equivalent on average to the D label.
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